From Source to Institution: How Christianity Transformed
The movement that started with Jesus changed dramatically over the first few centuries. This section explores how his teachings were interpreted differently, how churches became institutions, and how religion and politics became intertwined. Different scholars see these changes in different ways.
Phase 0: The Origin Story
Examining the historical origins of the nativity narratives. Scholars debate the historical accuracy of the virgin birth, the star of Bethlehem, and the census. This section explores what historical evidence suggests about Jesus's birth.
ReadJesus & Paul
Comparing the teachings of Jesus with the letters of Paul. Jesus emphasised love of enemies; Paul addressed submission to authority. Scholars debate how Paul's contextual advice to specific communities has been interpreted as universal doctrine.
ReadConstantine's Church
In 313 AD, Constantine established Christianity as the state religion. Scholars examine how this development shaped the institutional structure of the church and the relationship between religious and political authority.
ReadThe King James Bible
Commissioned by King James I in 1603 at age 37, the King James Bible translation became one of the most influential texts in English history. Scholars examine the political motivations behind the translation and its impact on religious authority.
ReadThe Fear Doctrine
Examining how concepts of hell, sin, and guilt developed within Christian theology. Scholars analyse the psychological and social functions of these doctrines and how they have been used within religious institutions.
ReadRESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The historical claims in this section are drawn from mainstream scholarship in early Christian history, New Testament studies, and Roman history. Key sources include Bart D. Ehrman's work on early Christianity, N.T. Wright's historical Jesus scholarship, and Elaine Pagels's research on Gnosticism and canon formation. Where claims are contested, this is noted in the text. Inline citations are provided on each subpage. We welcome corrections and additions from scholars and researchers.
'Test everything; hold fast to what is good.'
1 Thessalonians 5:21